Overview

• The number of live births decreased by 4.5 per cent (18,743 births) from 414,918 births in 2024 to 396,175 births in 2025. The crude birth rate (CBR) also recorded a decrease from 12.2 births in 2024 to 11.6 births per 1,000 population in 2025. CBR for all major ethnic groups recorded a decrease in 2025 as compared to 2024. Malay recorded the highest CBR with 14.9 births, while Chinese remained to record the lowest CBR with 5.0 births per 1,000 population in 2025. Meanwhile,  all states recorded a decrease in CBR in 2025 as compared to 2024. Terengganu recorded the highest CBR with 8.7 births, while Pulau Pinang recorded the lowest CBR with 9.3 births per 1,000 population. 
• Total fertility rate (TFR) recorded a decrease from 1.6 children in 2024 to 1.5 children in 2025 per woman aged 15–49 years. Malay remained unchanged and continued to record the highest TFR with 1.9 children per woman aged 15–49 years. The TFR for Other Bumiputera decreased from 1.6 children in 2024 to 1.5 children in 2025, while the TFR for Indians remained unchanged at 1.1 children. Chinese recorded the lowest TFR, declining from 0.9 children to 0.7 children in 2025. For state level, Terengganu recorded the highest TFR with 2.5 children in 2025, followed by Kelantan (2.3) and Pahang (1.8). In contrast, Pulau Pinang recorded the lowest TFR with 1.1 children, declining from 1.2 children in 2024.
• The number of deaths increased by 0.4 per cent (815 deaths) from 198,992 deaths in 2024 to 199,807 deaths in 2025. The crude death rate (CDR) remained unchanged at 5.8 deaths per 1,000 population in 2025. Indians recorded the highest CDR at 8.2 deaths, while Other Bumiputera recorded the lowest CDR at 5.7 deaths in 2025. The CDR for Chinese decreased from 7.6 (2024) to 7.5 (2025). For state level, Perak recorded the highest CDR with 8.2 deaths, while W.P. Putrajaya recorded the lowest CDR with 2.6 deaths per 1,000 population.

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